Questões de Inglês

TEXT I

Spain"s property crash casts a long shadow over a place in the sun

Graham Norwood, The Guardian, Saturday 2 April 2011

Spanish homeowners used to have little in common with the wealthy north Europeans snapping up holiday villas and
apartments on the Costas. Now both are united in adversity. Both are suffering in a market preoccupied with falling values,
negative equity, a glut of unsold new property and, in some cases, doubts about the legality of new estates. An estimated
600,000 new homes, and 200,000 part-completed ones remain unsold, a sizeable proportion of which are in holiday areas.
The Bank of Spain says official house prices have fallen 17% since 2007, but many observers believe that the market is
much worse than that, as the bank"s index is based on valuations, not achieved sale prices. Estate agents say prices of homes
have typically fallen 20% to 50% in different parts of the country, with no sector unaffected.

"There is an entire generation of young Spaniards with a millstone round their necks," says Enrique Quemada of One to One
Capital Partners, a business consultancy. "They will have to work their whole lives to pay for houses now worth half what
they bought them for." Meanwhile, the holiday home market also remains in the doldrums. A three-bedroom bungalow in
Castellon, north of Valencia, has been slashed by its British owner from £109,000 to £79,000, and then to £66,000, but still
has no takers. Taylor Wimpey, a British developer which has been building homes in Spain for more than 50 years, has new
villas on the Costa Blanca for sale at £140,000, down from £235,000. On the Balearic Islands, until recently thought of as
immune from the crash, prices are down as much as 40%.

"There are some real bargains, especially at the top of the market," says a spokeswoman for Savills estate agency, which has
one new luxury villa on Mallorca slashed from £15.4m to a mere £9.5m. Desperate developers are also faced with a slump in
British demand because of the poor euro-sterling exchange rate. As a result, a golfing resort in Catalunya is selling its homes
with a guaranteed rate of €1.25 to the pound on all purchases over the summer; the market rate is €1.14. Most commentators
believe that more price falls are inevitable, but even if Britons choose to buy now, the prospect of getting a Spanish mortgage
is "pretty bleak," according to Melanie Bien of broker Private Finance.

"Spain stands out with a housing market and a lending record that"s far worse than France, Portugal or Italy. If you must buy,
somehow try to remortgage money from your own home back in Britain," she advises. The latest figures to emerge from
Spain show little respite from a downturn that is now in its fourth year. Although there was a small rise in the number of
homes sold early in 2010, this was driven by the desire to beat deadlines for the scrapping of mortgage tax relief and a rise on
VAT on new homes. By the end of last year, sales volumes were again on the slide. Despite the glut of unsold new homes,
another 257,443 were completed in 2010. Even so, there has been a 43% collapse in the value of the Spanish construction
industry, according to EU figures, and a collapse in land prices of about 50%.

Spanish banks – many of which hold thousands of repossessed homes as assets – are legally obliged to start selling these
homes after holding them for two years. As a result, more properties are expected to flood the market for sale this year.
Meanwhile, as if that"s not enough, the scandal of Spain"s "illegal homes" continues. For more than a decade there have been
disputes over some new developments retrospectively declared illegal by councils, controversial compulsory purchase
powers given to developers by some local authorities, and politicians who have been jailed for accepting bungs.

The most recent controversy blew up last month when 12,697 new homes were declared illegal in the Almanzora Valley in
south-east Spain, an area popular with holiday-home buyers. Some 920 have been earmarked for demolition, while the
remainder may be rezoned, thus allowing them to be declared legal and have utilities connected. "How many will be made
homeless, or lose their life savings, if 920 houses are demolished? Who"s going to compensate those who bought in good
faith?" asks Maura Hillen, president of Abusos Urbanisticos Almanzora No, a local pressure group composed mainly of
British residents. Similar groups of disgruntled UK buyers exist across many of Spain"s tourist areas.

Now the housing crash has become so much a part of the modern Spanish psyche it has been accorded the ultimate tribute –
its own television soap opera. Crematorio has a storyline that includes unhappy foreign buyers, corrupt councilors, lurid
affairs, drugs and violence against a backdrop of the Spanish Costas.

Far-fetched? Not this time. Many believe the fiction is some way behind the fact. Britain and Spain aren"t a million miles
apart when it comes to home ownership aspirations. Both are big on owner-occupation. Spain has one of the highest rates in
the whole EU – a whopping 82% – with the rental market concentrated in a few major cities such as Madrid and Barcelona,
says the Rics European Housing Review 2011, a major annual study of Europe"s property markets. Tax breaks have
encouraged people to invest in housing, though many of these have now been scrapped as part of the recent austerity
measures.

And it"s not just Brits and other northern Europeans who have responded to the siren call of Spain"s sun-kissed beaches. The
Rics study points out that, among Spaniards, "there is also a high propensity to aspire to own a second home in the
countryside or on the coast: over a fifth of households own one. This helps to make crowded urban conditions more tolerable
for those that can afford it".

The latter point is a reference to the fact that Spain"s houses are typically pretty busy, bustling places. Says the report: "This
cramped lifestyle reflects cultural factors, as well as housing shortages, as several generations of families may live together
in dense urban accommodation. The number of rooms per dwelling is quite high by average EU standards, yet they tend to be
small, with the usable floor area towards the bottom of the rankings."

Property prices may have fallen, but last month Spain was named one of the world"s most overvalued housing markets. A
report in The Economist claimed Spanish homes are overvalued by more than 43%, and said this compared with just under
30% for Britain, 20% for Ireland and -12% for Germany (ie, the market in Germany is "undervalued"). It reckons home
prices should reflect the rents that tenants pay, so its index calculates the ratio of prices to rents in 20 economies. Spain was
the fourth most overvalued after Australia, Hong Kong and France.

But, writing on his Spanish Property Insight website, Mark Stucklin says: "You have to take these figures with a pinch of salt
as far as Spain is concerned." The problem, he says, is they are based on official figures which "significantly understate the
true extent to which prices have fallen. Spanish prices have fallen much further than this index suggests ... If you want to
know what"s going on in the residential property market, a much more revealing figure is the collapse in planning approvals,
down by 90% since 2006".

(source: http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2011/apr/02/spain-property-prices-collapse)


According to The Bank of Spain, since 2007 official house prices have:

a) decreased 17%.
b) grown 20%.
c) inflated 40%.
d) dropped 43%.
e) diminished 50%.

A resposta correta é:

Skillset vs. Mindset: Which Will Get You the Job?

By Heather Huhman

There’s a debate going on among career
experts about which is more important: skillset or
mindset. While skills are certainly desirable for many
positions, does having the right ones guarantee
you’ll get the job?

What if you have the mindset to get the work
accomplished, but currently lack certain skills
requested by the employer? Jennifer Fremont-Smith,
CEO of Smarterer, and Paul G. Stoltz, PhD, coauthor
of Put Your Mindset to Work: The One Asset
You Really Need to Win and Keep the Job You Love,
recently sat down with U.S. Newsto sound off on this
issue.

Heather: What is more important to today’s
employers: skillset or mindset? Why?

Jennifer: For many jobs, skillset needs to come
first. The employer absolutely must find people who
have the hard skills to do whatever it is they are being
hired to do. Programmers have to know how to program.
Data analysts need to know how to crunch numbers in
Excel. Marketers must know their marketing tools and
software. Social media managers must know the tools
of their trade like Twitter, Facebook, WordPress, and
have writing and communication skills.
After the employers have identified candidates
with these hard skills, they can shift their focus to their
candidates’ mindsets - attitude, integrity, work ethic,
personality, etc.

Paul: Mindset utterly trumps skillset.
Heather: Do you have any data or statistics to
back up your argument?
Jennifer: Despite record high unemployment,
many jobs sit empty because employers can’t find
candidates with the right skills. In a recent survey
cited in the Wall Street Journal, over 50 percent of
companies reported difficulty finding applicants with
the right skills. Companies are running lean and mean
in this economy – they don’t have the time to train for
those key skills.
Paul: [Co-author James Reed and I] asked
tens of thousands of top employers worldwide this
question: If you were hiring someone today, which
would you pick, a ) the person with the perfect skills
and qualifications, but lacking the desired mindset, or
B) the person with the desired mindset, but lacking
the rest? Ninety-eight percent pick A. Add to this that
97 percent said it is more likely that a person with the
right mindset will develop the right skillset, rather than
the other way around.
Heather: How do you define skillset?

Jennifer: At Smarterer, we define skillset as the
set of digital, social, and technical tools professionals
use to be effective in the workforce. Professionals
are rapidly accumulating these skills, and the tools
themselves are proliferating and evolving – we’re giving
people a simple, smart way for people to validate their
skillset and articulate it to the world.

Heather: How do you define mindset?

Paul: We define mindset as “the lens through
which you see and navigate life.” It undergirds and
affects all that you think, see, believe, say, and do.

Heather: How can job seekers show they have
the skillset employers are seeking throughout the
entire hiring process?
Jennifer: At the beginning of the process, seekers
can showcase the skills they have by incorporating
them, such as their Smarterer scores, throughout
their professional and personal brand materials. They
should be articulating their skills in their resume, cover
letter, LinkedIn profile, blog, website - everywhere
they express their professional identity.

Heather: How can job seekers show they have
the mindset employers are seeking throughout
the entire hiring process?
Paul: One of the most head-spinning studies
we did, which was conducted by an independent
statistician showed that, out of 30,000 CVs/resumes,
when you look at who gets the job and who does not:

A. The conventional wisdom fails (at best). None
of the classic, accepted advice, like using action verbs
or including hobbies/interests actually made any
difference.

B. The only factor that made the difference was
that those who had one of the 72 mindset qualities
from our master model, articulated in their CV/resume,
in a specific way, were three times as likely to get the
job. Furthermore, those who had two or more of these
statements, were seven times more likely to get the
job, often over other more qualified candidates.
Available at: .Retrieved on: 17 Sept. 2011. Adapted.



The sentence in which the boldfaced item expresses an advice is

a) "The employer absolutely must find people" (line 17)
b) "Programmers have to know how to program." (line 19)
c) "Data analysts need to know how to crunch numbers" (line 20)
d) "they can shift their focus to their candidates" mindsets" (lines 26-27)
e) "They should be articulating their skills" (lines 68-69)

A resposta correta é:

About the factors in strategic assessment on ITIL, choose the correct alternative.

a) Strengths and Weaknesses are the attributes of the organization, for example, resources and capabilities, service quality, operating leverage and so on.
b) Distinctive Competencies are the perspectives, positions, plans and patterns received from a business strategy.
c) In the Business Strategy, questions such as "How will the Service Provider know when it is successful?" and "When must those factors be achieved?" must be asked.
d) Critical success factors include competitive thinking about issues such as the vulnerability to substitution of the service provider and likely means to outperform competing alternatives.
e) In Threats and Opportunities, a question such as "What makes the service provider special to its business or customers?" must be asked.

A resposta correta é:

The concept of time sharing was developed to improve resource utilization by allowing multiple users to access a single computer system simultaneously, with each user being given the illusion of having access to a full set of system resources. System virtual machines take this concept one step further by providing a similar illusion for complete systems.
Regarding virtual machines, assign T ( true ) or F ( false ) to the following statements
( ) A system VM environment is capable of supporting multiple system images simultaneously, each running its own operating system.
( ) Each operating system controls and manages a set of virtualized hardware resources.
( ) Each virtual resource may or may not have a corresponding physical resource.
( ) Real resources of the host platform are shared among the guest system VMs, with a layer of hardware.
( ) Both virtual machines and native systems have the same capabilities.

Choose the alternative that shows, top-down, the correct sequence.

a) T, T, T, F, F.
b) T, F, T, T, F.
c) T, F, F, F, T.
d) F, T, F, F, F.
e) F, F, F, T, T.

A resposta correta é:

TEXT I

Spain"s property crash casts a long shadow over a place in the sun

Graham Norwood, The Guardian, Saturday 2 April 2011

Spanish homeowners used to have little in common with the wealthy north Europeans snapping up holiday villas and
apartments on the Costas. Now both are united in adversity. Both are suffering in a market preoccupied with falling values,
negative equity, a glut of unsold new property and, in some cases, doubts about the legality of new estates. An estimated
600,000 new homes, and 200,000 part-completed ones remain unsold, a sizeable proportion of which are in holiday areas.
The Bank of Spain says official house prices have fallen 17% since 2007, but many observers believe that the market is
much worse than that, as the bank"s index is based on valuations, not achieved sale prices. Estate agents say prices of homes
have typically fallen 20% to 50% in different parts of the country, with no sector unaffected.

"There is an entire generation of young Spaniards with a millstone round their necks," says Enrique Quemada of One to One
Capital Partners, a business consultancy. "They will have to work their whole lives to pay for houses now worth half what
they bought them for." Meanwhile, the holiday home market also remains in the doldrums. A three-bedroom bungalow in
Castellon, north of Valencia, has been slashed by its British owner from £109,000 to £79,000, and then to £66,000, but still
has no takers. Taylor Wimpey, a British developer which has been building homes in Spain for more than 50 years, has new
villas on the Costa Blanca for sale at £140,000, down from £235,000. On the Balearic Islands, until recently thought of as
immune from the crash, prices are down as much as 40%.

"There are some real bargains, especially at the top of the market," says a spokeswoman for Savills estate agency, which has
one new luxury villa on Mallorca slashed from £15.4m to a mere £9.5m. Desperate developers are also faced with a slump in
British demand because of the poor euro-sterling exchange rate. As a result, a golfing resort in Catalunya is selling its homes
with a guaranteed rate of €1.25 to the pound on all purchases over the summer; the market rate is €1.14. Most commentators
believe that more price falls are inevitable, but even if Britons choose to buy now, the prospect of getting a Spanish mortgage
is "pretty bleak," according to Melanie Bien of broker Private Finance.

"Spain stands out with a housing market and a lending record that"s far worse than France, Portugal or Italy. If you must buy,
somehow try to remortgage money from your own home back in Britain," she advises. The latest figures to emerge from
Spain show little respite from a downturn that is now in its fourth year. Although there was a small rise in the number of
homes sold early in 2010, this was driven by the desire to beat deadlines for the scrapping of mortgage tax relief and a rise on
VAT on new homes. By the end of last year, sales volumes were again on the slide. Despite the glut of unsold new homes,
another 257,443 were completed in 2010. Even so, there has been a 43% collapse in the value of the Spanish construction
industry, according to EU figures, and a collapse in land prices of about 50%.

Spanish banks – many of which hold thousands of repossessed homes as assets – are legally obliged to start selling these
homes after holding them for two years. As a result, more properties are expected to flood the market for sale this year.
Meanwhile, as if that"s not enough, the scandal of Spain"s "illegal homes" continues. For more than a decade there have been
disputes over some new developments retrospectively declared illegal by councils, controversial compulsory purchase
powers given to developers by some local authorities, and politicians who have been jailed for accepting bungs.

The most recent controversy blew up last month when 12,697 new homes were declared illegal in the Almanzora Valley in
south-east Spain, an area popular with holiday-home buyers. Some 920 have been earmarked for demolition, while the
remainder may be rezoned, thus allowing them to be declared legal and have utilities connected. "How many will be made
homeless, or lose their life savings, if 920 houses are demolished? Who"s going to compensate those who bought in good
faith?" asks Maura Hillen, president of Abusos Urbanisticos Almanzora No, a local pressure group composed mainly of
British residents. Similar groups of disgruntled UK buyers exist across many of Spain"s tourist areas.

Now the housing crash has become so much a part of the modern Spanish psyche it has been accorded the ultimate tribute –
its own television soap opera. Crematorio has a storyline that includes unhappy foreign buyers, corrupt councilors, lurid
affairs, drugs and violence against a backdrop of the Spanish Costas.

Far-fetched? Not this time. Many believe the fiction is some way behind the fact. Britain and Spain aren"t a million miles
apart when it comes to home ownership aspirations. Both are big on owner-occupation. Spain has one of the highest rates in
the whole EU – a whopping 82% – with the rental market concentrated in a few major cities such as Madrid and Barcelona,
says the Rics European Housing Review 2011, a major annual study of Europe"s property markets. Tax breaks have
encouraged people to invest in housing, though many of these have now been scrapped as part of the recent austerity
measures.

And it"s not just Brits and other northern Europeans who have responded to the siren call of Spain"s sun-kissed beaches. The
Rics study points out that, among Spaniards, "there is also a high propensity to aspire to own a second home in the
countryside or on the coast: over a fifth of households own one. This helps to make crowded urban conditions more tolerable
for those that can afford it".

The latter point is a reference to the fact that Spain"s houses are typically pretty busy, bustling places. Says the report: "This
cramped lifestyle reflects cultural factors, as well as housing shortages, as several generations of families may live together
in dense urban accommodation. The number of rooms per dwelling is quite high by average EU standards, yet they tend to be
small, with the usable floor area towards the bottom of the rankings."

Property prices may have fallen, but last month Spain was named one of the world"s most overvalued housing markets. A
report in The Economist claimed Spanish homes are overvalued by more than 43%, and said this compared with just under
30% for Britain, 20% for Ireland and -12% for Germany (ie, the market in Germany is "undervalued"). It reckons home
prices should reflect the rents that tenants pay, so its index calculates the ratio of prices to rents in 20 economies. Spain was
the fourth most overvalued after Australia, Hong Kong and France.

But, writing on his Spanish Property Insight website, Mark Stucklin says: "You have to take these figures with a pinch of salt
as far as Spain is concerned." The problem, he says, is they are based on official figures which "significantly understate the
true extent to which prices have fallen. Spanish prices have fallen much further than this index suggests ... If you want to
know what"s going on in the residential property market, a much more revealing figure is the collapse in planning approvals,
down by 90% since 2006".

(source: http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2011/apr/02/spain-property-prices-collapse)


According to the text, now Spanish homeowners and the rich north Europeans are:

a) linked by prosperity.
b) joined together in trouble.
c) sharing the same success.
d) dealing with an equal bliss.
e) facing alone the former joy.

A resposta correta é:

Some Intel processors provide hardware-assisted virtualization to improve the fundamental flexibility and robustness of traditional software-based virtualization solutions by accelerating key functions of the virtualized platform. About hardware-assisted virtualization, consider the following statements.
I. It enables the VMM to share I/O devices with several guest OSs at the same time.
II. It speeds up the transfer of platform control between the guest operating systems (OSs) and the virtual machine manager (VMM)/hypervisor.
III. It optimizes the network for virtualization with adapter-based acceleration.
IV. It is used in data centers for disaster recovery, high availability and business continuity, and in desktops to increase flexibility, improve security, and reduce costs.

Choose the correct alternative.

a) Only statements I and II are correct.
b) Only statements I and IV are correct.
c) Only statements III and IV are correct.
d) Only statements I, II and III are correct.
e) Only statements II, III and IV are correct.

A resposta correta é:

Nowadays the relational model is the primary data model for commercial data-processing applications mainly due to its simplicity, which eases the programmer"s job, when compared to earlier data models such as the network model or the hierarchical model. Regarding the structure of relational databases, match the column on the left with the one on the right.
(I) Relation.
( A ) It refers to a row.
(II) Tuple.
( B ) It refers to permitted values.
(III) Attribute.
( C ) It refers to a table.
(IV) Table.
( D ) It refers to a column.
(V) Domain.
( E ) It has a single name.


Choose the alternative with the right association.

a) I-A, II-C, III-D, IV-E, V-B.
b) I-A, II-D, III-B, IV-C, V-E.
c) I-C, II-A, III-B, IV-D, V-E.
d) I-C, II-A, III-D, IV-E, V-B.
e) I-C, II-D, III-B, IV-E, V-A.

A resposta correta é:

Consider the following statements about object-oriented programming.
I. Using different names for operations in the same types is called overloading.
II. Overloaded operators are useful to add functions to enable conventional notation.
III. A derived class is said to inherit properties from its base, so the relationship is also called inheritance.
IV. Pointers to functions can be used to provide a simple form of polymorphic routines.

Choose the right alternative.

a) Only statements I and II are correct.
b) Only statements I and IV are correct.
c) Only statements III and IV are correct.
d) Only statements I, II and III are correct.
e) Only statements II, III and IV are correct.

A resposta correta é:

Question 24 refer to the following text:

10 Steps to Export from China via Shipping


To illustrate the steps, here is a general process for
exporting from China by ship. It involves four parties: your
Supplier, the Shipping Agent, the Customs Agent, the
government’s Export Customs Authority.



1. When the supplier of your product has fi nished

manufacturing your goods, he needs to contact a

Shipping Agent.

2. The Shipping Agent books space on a shipping

vessel.

3. The supplier provides the necessary documents to

the Customs Agent and delivers the goods to the

container terminal.

4. The Customs Agent passes the documents to the

Exports Customs Authority and pays for the export
duties on behalf of the supplier.

5. The Export Customs Authority may audit the goods

to validate the contents according to the documents.

6. If the goods are approved, the Customs Authority

issues Clearance Papers to the Customs Agent.

7. Once approved, the container is sealed and loaded

onto the shipping vessel.

8. After the vessel has departed, the Shipping Agent

receives the shipment Bill of Lading which is a

shipment’s receipt.

9. The Shipping Agent passes the Bill of Lading to the

supplier of your goods.

10. The supplier can now apply to get a refund for the

Value Added Tax at a National Chinese Tax Bureau.

(Source: http://www.import-from-china-business.com/china-export-process.html (slightly
adapted))

According to the text, exporting from China

a) may engage up to four offi cial bodies.
b) is only possible after the documents are cleared by the Customs Authority.
c) requires the payment of export duties directly by the exporter.
d) involves the work of independent auditors.
e) does not entitle the supplier to tax refunds.

A resposta correta é:

Question 25 refer to the following text:

10 Steps to Export from China via Shipping


To illustrate the steps, here is a general process for
exporting from China by ship. It involves four parties: your
Supplier, the Shipping Agent, the Customs Agent, the
government’s Export Customs Authority.



1. When the supplier of your product has fi nished

manufacturing your goods, he needs to contact a

Shipping Agent.

2. The Shipping Agent books space on a shipping

vessel.

3. The supplier provides the necessary documents to

the Customs Agent and delivers the goods to the

container terminal.

4. The Customs Agent passes the documents to the

Exports Customs Authority and pays for the export
duties on behalf of the supplier.

5. The Export Customs Authority may audit the goods

to validate the contents according to the documents.

6. If the goods are approved, the Customs Authority

issues Clearance Papers to the Customs Agent.

7. Once approved, the container is sealed and loaded

onto the shipping vessel.

8. After the vessel has departed, the Shipping Agent

receives the shipment Bill of Lading which is a

shipment’s receipt.

9. The Shipping Agent passes the Bill of Lading to the

supplier of your goods.

10. The supplier can now apply to get a refund for the

Value Added Tax at a National Chinese Tax Bureau.

(Source: http://www.import-from-china-business.com/china-export-process.html (slightly
adapted))

"Bill of lading", "shipping agent" and "customs agent" translate into Portuguese as:

a) licença de importação, corretor and fi scal alfandegário, respectively.
b) ordem de compra, vistoriador and autoridade aduaneira, respectively.
c) ordem de pagamento, armador and corretor alfandegário, respectively.
d) taxa de embarque, fornecedor and inspetor de carga, respectively.
e) conhecimento de embarque, embarcador and despachante aduaneiro, respectively.

A resposta correta é: