Questões de Inglês

Air traffic controllers asleep on the job…still

Michael J. Breus, Ph.D., in Sleepnewzzz



Here’s some news of workers sleeping on the
job that’s downright scary. A news investigation
produced a story and footage of air traffic controllers
at Westchester County Airport sleeping during their
shifts. The video, provided to the news outlet by an
employee in the air traffic control tower at Westchester
Airport, also shows controllers reading and using
laptops and cell phones while on duty. The Federal
Aviation Administration ( FAA ) bans its controllers from
use of cell phones, personal reading material and
electric devices while on duty. Sleeping is prohibited
anywhere in air traffic control towers.

All of these violations are alarming and
dangerous, and pose a serious public safety problem.
It is important, I believe, to separate the issue of air
traffic controllers sleeping on the job from their choice
to play with laptops and cell phones when they are
supposed to be working. The video images showing
air traffic controllers slumped over and sleeping
at their stations is truly frightening. But the issue of
sleep deprivation among air traffic controllers is a
very real one, and means that some instances of
falling asleep—however dangerous and wrong—is
not entirely the controllers’ fault, or even within their
control.

Unfortunately this is not a new problem. We’ve
seen several instances of air traffic controllers falling
asleep on duty in recent months.

In response to these cases, the FAA in 2011
revised its regulations for air traffic controllers to
include additional time for rest between shifts. The
FAA:
• Raised the minimum amount of time off between
work shifts to 9 hours from 8 hours
• Prohibited air traffic controllers from swapping shifts
without having a minimum of 9 hours off in between
shifts
• Increased supervisor coverage in air traffic control
towers during late night and early morning shifts
• Prohibited air traffic controllers from picking up an
overnight shift after a day off

These adjustments are a step in the right direction,
but they don’t go far enough. Managing schedules
for shift workers in these high-pressure jobs where
public safety is at stake is too important to settle for
improvements that don’t actually solve the problem.

Shift workers of all types face challenges to getting
enough sleep while managing long hours, overnight
shifts, and changing schedules that fluctuate between
day and night. Research shows that:
• People who engage in shift work get less sleep
overall than those of us who work more regular
hours
• Shift workers are at higher risk for illness and
chronic disease
• The sleep deprivation associated with shift work
increase the risk of accidents, injuries and mistakes
in high-profile, public-safety related industries like
medicine and law enforcement, as well as air traffic
control

In addition to making people more prone to
accidents and injury, sleep deprivation causes a
number of negative effects—both physical and
psychological—that can impair the on-the-job
performance of air traffic controllers and other shift
workers. Sleep deprivation:
• Slows reaction time
• Interferes with memory
• Causes fatigue
• Compromises judgment
• Impairs the ability to retain new information

I think we can all agree that we don’t want the
people responsible for guiding our planes to be
sluggish, slow-reacting, forgetful, fatigued and of
questionable judgment. But that’s exactly what being
sleep deprived can make them!

It’s the FAAs responsibility to create workplace
regulations that enable air traffic controllers to get the
rest they need. This can include not just mandating
reasonable time off between shifts, but also giving
controllers breaks during shifts and allowing them
to nap on their breaks. There are also some basic
things that the controllers themselves—or any shift
workers—can do to help avoid sleep deprivation:
• Make sure to get adequate rest before a shift begins.
Take a nap before work, if need be.
• Limit your reliance on caffeine. While it’s okay as
an occasional pick-me-up, coffee and caffeinated
beverages are not substitutes for adequate sleep.
And caffeine can interfere with your sleep when you
actually want and need to be sleepy.
• Keep a strong and consistent sleep routine both
during your workdays and your days off. It’s not
always easy, but shift workers in particular need to
build their off-duty schedules around making sure
they get the sleep they need.

Similarly to the recent changes in health care,
the FAA is moving in the right direction to help its
employees get the sleep they need to do their jobs
safely. As this latest incident at Westchester Airport
confirms, there is a great deal of work still to be done.
And it’s in everyone’s best—and safest—interest that
progress continues to be made.
Sweet Dreams,

Michael J. Breus, PhD
The Sleep Doctor™
www.thesleepdoctor.com

Available at: Adapted. Retrieved on: July 25, 2012.



In the fragment of Text: "It is important, I believe, to separate the issue of air traffic controllers sleeping on the job from their choice to play with laptops and cell phones when they are supposed to be working" (lines 15-18), Dr. Michael Breus implies that

a) falling asleep during the work shift is a far more serious violation of FAA policies because this is a behavior controllers cannot always be blamed for.
b) using laptops and cell phones in night shifts is a totally inoffensive behavior of air traffic controllers.
c) using electronic distractors at work during work shifts should not be punished when controllers are fighting off sleep.
d) playing with technological gadgets continuously at their working stations is justified if air traffic controllers are trying to avoid sleep.
e) applying penalties to air traffic controllers who sleep and use electronic devices while on duty is highly recommended.

A resposta correta é:

Safety Meeting Presentation



Today’s meeting is really about you. I can stand
in front of you and talk about working safely and what
procedures to follow until I’m blue in the face. But until
you understand the need for working safely, until you
are willing to be responsible for your safety, it doesn’t
mean a whole lot.

Some of you may be familiar with OSHA - the
Occupational Safety & Health Administration. The
sole purpose of this agency is to keep American
workers safe. Complying with OSHA regulations isn’t
always easy, but if we work together, we can do it.
Yet, complying with regulations is not the real reason
for working safely. Our real motive is simple. We care
about each and every one of you and will do what is
necessary to prevent you from being injured.

However, keeping our workplace safe takes
input from everyone. Management, supervisor, and
all of you have to come together on this issue, or
we’re in trouble. For example, upper management
has to approve the purchase of safe equipment.
Supervisors, including myself, have to ensure that
each of you knows how to use that equipment safely.
Then it’s up to you to follow through the task and use
the equipment as you were trained. If any one part
of this chain fails, accidents are going to happen and
people are going to get hurt.


Responsibility Number One - Recognize Hazards



At the core of your safety responsibilities lies
the task of recognizing safety and health hazards.
In order to do that, you must first understand what
constitutes a hazard. Extreme hazards are often
obvious. Our hopes are that you won’t find too many
of those around here.

There are, however, more subtle hazards that
won’t jump up and bite you. As a result of your safety
training and meetings like these, some things may
come to mind. For example, a machine may not be
easy to lock out. Common practice may be to use a tag.
This is a potential hazard and should be discussed.
Maybe something can be changed to make it easier to
use a lock. Other subtle hazards include such things
as frayed electrical cords, a loose machine guard, a
cluttered aisle, or maybe something that just doesn’t
look right.



Responsibility Number Two - Report Hazards



A big part of recognizing hazards is using your
instincts. Nobody knows your job as well as you
do, so we’re counting on you to let us know about
possible problems. Beyond recognizing hazards, you
have to correct them or report them to someone who
can. This too, is a judgement call. For example, if
something spills in your work area you can probably
clean it up yourself. However, if there is an unlabeled
chemical container and you have no idea what it is,
you should report it to your supervisor.


Additional Employee Responsibilities


Good housekeeping is a major part of keeping
your work area safe. For example, you should take a
few minutes each day to ensure that aisles, hallways,
and stairways in your work area are not obstructed.
If boxes, equipment, or anything else is left to pile
up, you have a tripping hazard on your hands. Those
obstructions could keep you from exiting the building
quickly and safely should you face an emergency
situation.

Also watch out for spills. These can lead to slips
and falls. Flammable materials are another thing to
be aware of. Make sure they are disposed of properly.

Keep Thinking. Even if you’re doing your job
safely and you are avoiding hazards, there are often
even better ways to work safely. If you have ideas for
improving the safety of your job or that of co-workers,
share them.


Concluding Remarks



While nothing we do can completely eliminate the
threat of an incident, we can work together to improve
our odds. As I said, this must be a real team effort
and I’m counting on input from all of you. Let’s keep
communicating and continue to improve safety.

Available at: . Retrieved on: April 1st, 2012. Adapted.



The modal auxiliary in boldface conveys the idea of obligation in the fragment:

a) "Some of you may be familiar with OSHA" (line 7)
b) "we can do it." (line 11)
c) "and will do what is necessary to prevent you from being injured." (lines 14-15)
d) "you must first understand what constitutes a hazard." (lines 30-31)
e) "Those obstructions could keep you from exiting the building quickly and safely" (lines 62-64)

A resposta correta é:

Performance and accountability:
Making government work



Governments have always been keen to achieve
results, but calls to improve public sector performance
in OECD countries have become particularly loud and
insistent over the last couple of decades.
Reasons include increasing claims on public
expenditure, particularly pensions, healthcare and
education, expectations of higher quality public
services in line with rising living standards and, in many
cases, reluctance on the part of citizens to pay ever
higher taxes. Government also has to be more
competitive in the face of other potential suppliers in
areas like transport, communications and energy. It
must show it can do the job it sets out to do.

That is why governments across the OECD have
responded by setting goals and shifting the emphasis of
government management and budgeting away from how
much money to spend towards what is actually being
achieved. New Zealand was among the first to adopt this
results-oriented budgeting and management approach in
the late 1980s, and was followed in the 1990s by Canada,
Denmark, Finland, the Netherlands, Sweden, the UK and
the US. Later, Austria, Germany and Switzerland launched
similar moves, and Turkey has recently begun a pilot
phase of this process.
At the same time, these developments have
pushed governments to modernise their accountability
and control procedures. In particular, over the last 15
years or so, OECD governments have been engaged in
reviewing and reforming the ways in which they keep
control over large and complex operations in public
services and how those responsible are held to
account. Technological innovation and changes in the
size and structure of government, in part reflecting
privatisation and decentralisation, are also playing an
important role in fostering these developments.

But these initiatives have by no means run their
course, and their widespread implementation gives rise
to some fundamental questions. What is meant by
performance in the public service context, and how can
it best be measured? Should a service be judged by,
say, its accessibility or its financial cost, and who should
do the judging? How can moves to increase the
managerial responsibilities and decision-making
powers of public servants be reconciled with
democratic control and effective auditing procedures?

It is clearly not enough to argue that a reform
works because it is based on sound research, or on an
accepted procedure, or indeed that the government
spent billions on its implementation. The main
challenge is how to make reforms achieve their goal.

This is the basic idea underlying performance-oriented
budgeting and management: to shift the emphasis
away from controlling inputs and towards achieving
results. However, OECD countries are at different
stages in this process and approaches to
implementation vary.
Note: The Organisation for Economic Cooperation
and Development ( OECD ) is celebrating its
50th anniversary, but its roots go back to the rubble of
Europe after World War II. Determined to avoid the
mistakes of their predecessors in the wake of World
War I, European leaders realised that the best way to
ensure lasting peace was to encourage co]operation
and reconstruction, rather than punish the defeated.

(adapted from http://www.oecd.org)




In the note at the end of the text, we learn that the OECD as an organization is

a) very recent.
b) too complex.
c) not actually new.
d) rather competitive.
e) somewhat outdated.

A resposta correta é:

Safety Meeting Presentation



Today’s meeting is really about you. I can stand
in front of you and talk about working safely and what
procedures to follow until I’m blue in the face. But until
you understand the need for working safely, until you
are willing to be responsible for your safety, it doesn’t
mean a whole lot.

Some of you may be familiar with OSHA - the
Occupational Safety & Health Administration. The
sole purpose of this agency is to keep American
workers safe. Complying with OSHA regulations isn’t
always easy, but if we work together, we can do it.
Yet, complying with regulations is not the real reason
for working safely. Our real motive is simple. We care
about each and every one of you and will do what is
necessary to prevent you from being injured.

However, keeping our workplace safe takes
input from everyone. Management, supervisor, and
all of you have to come together on this issue, or
we’re in trouble. For example, upper management
has to approve the purchase of safe equipment.
Supervisors, including myself, have to ensure that
each of you knows how to use that equipment safely.
Then it’s up to you to follow through the task and use
the equipment as you were trained. If any one part
of this chain fails, accidents are going to happen and
people are going to get hurt.


Responsibility Number One - Recognize Hazards



At the core of your safety responsibilities lies
the task of recognizing safety and health hazards.
In order to do that, you must first understand what
constitutes a hazard. Extreme hazards are often
obvious. Our hopes are that you won’t find too many
of those around here.

There are, however, more subtle hazards that
won’t jump up and bite you. As a result of your safety
training and meetings like these, some things may
come to mind. For example, a machine may not be
easy to lock out. Common practice may be to use a tag.
This is a potential hazard and should be discussed.
Maybe something can be changed to make it easier to
use a lock. Other subtle hazards include such things
as frayed electrical cords, a loose machine guard, a
cluttered aisle, or maybe something that just doesn’t
look right.



Responsibility Number Two - Report Hazards



A big part of recognizing hazards is using your
instincts. Nobody knows your job as well as you
do, so we’re counting on you to let us know about
possible problems. Beyond recognizing hazards, you
have to correct them or report them to someone who
can. This too, is a judgement call. For example, if
something spills in your work area you can probably
clean it up yourself. However, if there is an unlabeled
chemical container and you have no idea what it is,
you should report it to your supervisor.


Additional Employee Responsibilities


Good housekeeping is a major part of keeping
your work area safe. For example, you should take a
few minutes each day to ensure that aisles, hallways,
and stairways in your work area are not obstructed.
If boxes, equipment, or anything else is left to pile
up, you have a tripping hazard on your hands. Those
obstructions could keep you from exiting the building
quickly and safely should you face an emergency
situation.

Also watch out for spills. These can lead to slips
and falls. Flammable materials are another thing to
be aware of. Make sure they are disposed of properly.

Keep Thinking. Even if you’re doing your job
safely and you are avoiding hazards, there are often
even better ways to work safely. If you have ideas for
improving the safety of your job or that of co-workers,
share them.


Concluding Remarks



While nothing we do can completely eliminate the
threat of an incident, we can work together to improve
our odds. As I said, this must be a real team effort
and I’m counting on input from all of you. Let’s keep
communicating and continue to improve safety.

Available at: . Retrieved on: April 1st, 2012. Adapted.



Based on the meanings in the text, it is clear that

a) "sole" (line 9) and only express similar ideas.
b) "injured" (line 15) and hurt are antonyms.
c) "ensure" (line 21) and guarantee express contradictory ideas.
d) "subtle" (line 41) and obvious are synonyms.
e) "odds" (line 77) and probabilities do not have equivalent meanings.

A resposta correta é:

Air traffic controllers asleep on the job…still

Michael J. Breus, Ph.D., in Sleepnewzzz



Here’s some news of workers sleeping on the
job that’s downright scary. A news investigation
produced a story and footage of air traffic controllers
at Westchester County Airport sleeping during their
shifts. The video, provided to the news outlet by an
employee in the air traffic control tower at Westchester
Airport, also shows controllers reading and using
laptops and cell phones while on duty. The Federal
Aviation Administration ( FAA ) bans its controllers from
use of cell phones, personal reading material and
electric devices while on duty. Sleeping is prohibited
anywhere in air traffic control towers.

All of these violations are alarming and
dangerous, and pose a serious public safety problem.
It is important, I believe, to separate the issue of air
traffic controllers sleeping on the job from their choice
to play with laptops and cell phones when they are
supposed to be working. The video images showing
air traffic controllers slumped over and sleeping
at their stations is truly frightening. But the issue of
sleep deprivation among air traffic controllers is a
very real one, and means that some instances of
falling asleep—however dangerous and wrong—is
not entirely the controllers’ fault, or even within their
control.

Unfortunately this is not a new problem. We’ve
seen several instances of air traffic controllers falling
asleep on duty in recent months.

In response to these cases, the FAA in 2011
revised its regulations for air traffic controllers to
include additional time for rest between shifts. The
FAA:
• Raised the minimum amount of time off between
work shifts to 9 hours from 8 hours
• Prohibited air traffic controllers from swapping shifts
without having a minimum of 9 hours off in between
shifts
• Increased supervisor coverage in air traffic control
towers during late night and early morning shifts
• Prohibited air traffic controllers from picking up an
overnight shift after a day off

These adjustments are a step in the right direction,
but they don’t go far enough. Managing schedules
for shift workers in these high-pressure jobs where
public safety is at stake is too important to settle for
improvements that don’t actually solve the problem.

Shift workers of all types face challenges to getting
enough sleep while managing long hours, overnight
shifts, and changing schedules that fluctuate between
day and night. Research shows that:
• People who engage in shift work get less sleep
overall than those of us who work more regular
hours
• Shift workers are at higher risk for illness and
chronic disease
• The sleep deprivation associated with shift work
increase the risk of accidents, injuries and mistakes
in high-profile, public-safety related industries like
medicine and law enforcement, as well as air traffic
control

In addition to making people more prone to
accidents and injury, sleep deprivation causes a
number of negative effects—both physical and
psychological—that can impair the on-the-job
performance of air traffic controllers and other shift
workers. Sleep deprivation:
• Slows reaction time
• Interferes with memory
• Causes fatigue
• Compromises judgment
• Impairs the ability to retain new information

I think we can all agree that we don’t want the
people responsible for guiding our planes to be
sluggish, slow-reacting, forgetful, fatigued and of
questionable judgment. But that’s exactly what being
sleep deprived can make them!

It’s the FAAs responsibility to create workplace
regulations that enable air traffic controllers to get the
rest they need. This can include not just mandating
reasonable time off between shifts, but also giving
controllers breaks during shifts and allowing them
to nap on their breaks. There are also some basic
things that the controllers themselves—or any shift
workers—can do to help avoid sleep deprivation:
• Make sure to get adequate rest before a shift begins.
Take a nap before work, if need be.
• Limit your reliance on caffeine. While it’s okay as
an occasional pick-me-up, coffee and caffeinated
beverages are not substitutes for adequate sleep.
And caffeine can interfere with your sleep when you
actually want and need to be sleepy.
• Keep a strong and consistent sleep routine both
during your workdays and your days off. It’s not
always easy, but shift workers in particular need to
build their off-duty schedules around making sure
they get the sleep they need.

Similarly to the recent changes in health care,
the FAA is moving in the right direction to help its
employees get the sleep they need to do their jobs
safely. As this latest incident at Westchester Airport
confirms, there is a great deal of work still to be done.
And it’s in everyone’s best—and safest—interest that
progress continues to be made.
Sweet Dreams,

Michael J. Breus, PhD
The Sleep Doctor™
www.thesleepdoctor.com

Available at: Adapted. Retrieved on: July 25, 2012.



In Text, the expression downright scary in "Here"s some news of workers sleeping on the job that"s downright scary." (lines 1-2) can be replaced, without change in meaning, by

a) faintly alarming
b) really encouraging
c) not at all terrifying
d) a little intimidating
e) absolutely frightening

A resposta correta é:

Air traffic controllers asleep on the job…still

Michael J. Breus, Ph.D., in Sleepnewzzz



Here’s some news of workers sleeping on the
job that’s downright scary. A news investigation
produced a story and footage of air traffic controllers
at Westchester County Airport sleeping during their
shifts. The video, provided to the news outlet by an
employee in the air traffic control tower at Westchester
Airport, also shows controllers reading and using
laptops and cell phones while on duty. The Federal
Aviation Administration ( FAA ) bans its controllers from
use of cell phones, personal reading material and
electric devices while on duty. Sleeping is prohibited
anywhere in air traffic control towers.

All of these violations are alarming and
dangerous, and pose a serious public safety problem.
It is important, I believe, to separate the issue of air
traffic controllers sleeping on the job from their choice
to play with laptops and cell phones when they are
supposed to be working. The video images showing
air traffic controllers slumped over and sleeping
at their stations is truly frightening. But the issue of
sleep deprivation among air traffic controllers is a
very real one, and means that some instances of
falling asleep—however dangerous and wrong—is
not entirely the controllers’ fault, or even within their
control.

Unfortunately this is not a new problem. We’ve
seen several instances of air traffic controllers falling
asleep on duty in recent months.

In response to these cases, the FAA in 2011
revised its regulations for air traffic controllers to
include additional time for rest between shifts. The
FAA:
• Raised the minimum amount of time off between
work shifts to 9 hours from 8 hours
• Prohibited air traffic controllers from swapping shifts
without having a minimum of 9 hours off in between
shifts
• Increased supervisor coverage in air traffic control
towers during late night and early morning shifts
• Prohibited air traffic controllers from picking up an
overnight shift after a day off

These adjustments are a step in the right direction,
but they don’t go far enough. Managing schedules
for shift workers in these high-pressure jobs where
public safety is at stake is too important to settle for
improvements that don’t actually solve the problem.

Shift workers of all types face challenges to getting
enough sleep while managing long hours, overnight
shifts, and changing schedules that fluctuate between
day and night. Research shows that:
• People who engage in shift work get less sleep
overall than those of us who work more regular
hours
• Shift workers are at higher risk for illness and
chronic disease
• The sleep deprivation associated with shift work
increase the risk of accidents, injuries and mistakes
in high-profile, public-safety related industries like
medicine and law enforcement, as well as air traffic
control

In addition to making people more prone to
accidents and injury, sleep deprivation causes a
number of negative effects—both physical and
psychological—that can impair the on-the-job
performance of air traffic controllers and other shift
workers. Sleep deprivation:
• Slows reaction time
• Interferes with memory
• Causes fatigue
• Compromises judgment
• Impairs the ability to retain new information

I think we can all agree that we don’t want the
people responsible for guiding our planes to be
sluggish, slow-reacting, forgetful, fatigued and of
questionable judgment. But that’s exactly what being
sleep deprived can make them!

It’s the FAAs responsibility to create workplace
regulations that enable air traffic controllers to get the
rest they need. This can include not just mandating
reasonable time off between shifts, but also giving
controllers breaks during shifts and allowing them
to nap on their breaks. There are also some basic
things that the controllers themselves—or any shift
workers—can do to help avoid sleep deprivation:
• Make sure to get adequate rest before a shift begins.
Take a nap before work, if need be.
• Limit your reliance on caffeine. While it’s okay as
an occasional pick-me-up, coffee and caffeinated
beverages are not substitutes for adequate sleep.
And caffeine can interfere with your sleep when you
actually want and need to be sleepy.
• Keep a strong and consistent sleep routine both
during your workdays and your days off. It’s not
always easy, but shift workers in particular need to
build their off-duty schedules around making sure
they get the sleep they need.

Similarly to the recent changes in health care,
the FAA is moving in the right direction to help its
employees get the sleep they need to do their jobs
safely. As this latest incident at Westchester Airport
confirms, there is a great deal of work still to be done.
And it’s in everyone’s best—and safest—interest that
progress continues to be made.
Sweet Dreams,

Michael J. Breus, PhD
The Sleep Doctor™
www.thesleepdoctor.com

Available at: Adapted. Retrieved on: July 25, 2012.



After reading Text, it is possible to infer that the author"s intention is to

a) expose the serious situation of air traffic controllers caused by sleep deprivation and present some recommendations to prevent this problem.
b) criticize the FAA for not defining coherent regulations for workers in the airport control tower.
c) challenge the efficacy of several recommendations for better public safety norms in air traffic control.
d) list all the negative effects of shift work on the lives of airport staff and defend a less stressful job routine.
e) blame the work load of air traffic controllers and their low salaries for the high frequency of air traffic incidents.

A resposta correta é:

Internet insecurity
Once more unto the breach

Jun 3rd 2011, 11:02 by M.G. | SAN FRANCISCO


DEFENCE companies have been left defenceless. The cyber attacks against Lockheed Martin and L-3 Communications, two

American defence giants, as well as those against Google and America’s Public Broadcasting System (PBS) differ in their details. But
they all highlight the fact that hackers are becoming ever more tenacious and creative in their attempts to get their hands on sensitive
data.
It’s not just American firms that are under attack. On June 2nd, a group of hackers calling itself “LulzSec” claimed that it had

been able to get into the network of Sony Pictures. LulzSec (which also uses the moniker “The Lulz Boat”) claims it is behind the
hacking of PBS’s website too.
The rise of “hacktivism”, which involves groups of hackers not necessarily driven by financial gain (though this can be a handy

by-product of their nefarious activities), poses a growing challenge to companies and governments. Often the motive is revenge.
LulzSec claimed its attack on PBS was motivated by the media organisation’s decision to air an investigative report that included
criticism of WikiLeaks, the organisation that has been publishing leaked diplomatic cables. Anonymous, a hacker collective that has
gained global notoriety for penetrating the networks of credit-card companies and other organisations, has also justified some of its
actions by saying they are protests at the way in which Julian Assange, the founder of WikiLeaks, has been persecuted by
governments and courts.

(Adapted from http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2011/06/internet-insecurity)



A tradução correta de though, conforme empregado no texto, é

a) embora.
b) por que.
c) entretanto.
d) enquanto.
e) portanto.

A resposta correta é:

Internet insecurity
Once more unto the breach

Jun 3rd 2011, 11:02 by M.G. | SAN FRANCISCO


DEFENCE companies have been left defenceless. The cyber attacks against Lockheed Martin and L-3 Communications, two

American defence giants, as well as those against Google and America’s Public Broadcasting System (PBS) differ in their details. But
they all highlight the fact that hackers are becoming ever more tenacious and creative in their attempts to get their hands on sensitive
data.
It’s not just American firms that are under attack. On June 2nd, a group of hackers calling itself “LulzSec” claimed that it had

been able to get into the network of Sony Pictures. LulzSec (which also uses the moniker “The Lulz Boat”) claims it is behind the
hacking of PBS’s website too.
The rise of “hacktivism”, which involves groups of hackers not necessarily driven by financial gain (though this can be a handy

by-product of their nefarious activities), poses a growing challenge to companies and governments. Often the motive is revenge.
LulzSec claimed its attack on PBS was motivated by the media organisation’s decision to air an investigative report that included
criticism of WikiLeaks, the organisation that has been publishing leaked diplomatic cables. Anonymous, a hacker collective that has
gained global notoriety for penetrating the networks of credit-card companies and other organisations, has also justified some of its
actions by saying they are protests at the way in which Julian Assange, the founder of WikiLeaks, has been persecuted by
governments and courts.

(Adapted from http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2011/06/internet-insecurity)



Segundo o texto,

a) os ataques dos hackers carecem de criatividade.
b) o grupo LulzSec assumiu a autoria do ataque à PBS.
c) os últimos ataques dos hackers sempre tiveram por alvo empresas americanas.
d) os ataques às companhias de defesa nacional diferem bastante entre si.
e) o Google, até agora, não sofreu nenhum ataque cibernético.

A resposta correta é:

Internet insecurity
Once more unto the breach

Jun 3rd 2011, 11:02 by M.G. | SAN FRANCISCO


DEFENCE companies have been left defenceless. The cyber attacks against Lockheed Martin and L-3 Communications, two

American defence giants, as well as those against Google and America’s Public Broadcasting System (PBS) differ in their details. But
they all highlight the fact that hackers are becoming ever more tenacious and creative in their attempts to get their hands on sensitive
data.
It’s not just American firms that are under attack. On June 2nd, a group of hackers calling itself “LulzSec” claimed that it had

been able to get into the network of Sony Pictures. LulzSec (which also uses the moniker “The Lulz Boat”) claims it is behind the
hacking of PBS’s website too.
The rise of “hacktivism”, which involves groups of hackers not necessarily driven by financial gain (though this can be a handy

by-product of their nefarious activities), poses a growing challenge to companies and governments. Often the motive is revenge.
LulzSec claimed its attack on PBS was motivated by the media organisation’s decision to air an investigative report that included
criticism of WikiLeaks, the organisation that has been publishing leaked diplomatic cables. Anonymous, a hacker collective that has
gained global notoriety for penetrating the networks of credit-card companies and other organisations, has also justified some of its
actions by saying they are protests at the way in which Julian Assange, the founder of WikiLeaks, has been persecuted by
governments and courts.

(Adapted from http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2011/06/internet-insecurity)



De acordo com o texto,

a) o motivo maior que move os hackers é financeiro.
b) a WikiLeaks também está envolvida nos últimos ataques dos hackers.
c) o governo americano e as empresas vítimas dos hackers aceitaram o desafio de por fim aos ataques.
d) alguns hackers justificam seus ataques como vingança por críticas à WikiLeaks.
e) as maiores vítimas dos hackers são as empresas de cartões de crédito.

A resposta correta é:

A Day in the Life of the Women of O&G

by Jaime Kammerzell

From Rigzone Contributor. Tuesday, February 14, 2012
Although far fewer women work in the oil and gas
(O&G) industry compared to men, many women find
rewarding careers in the industry. Five women were
asked the same questions regarding their career
choices in the oil and gas industry.
Question 1: Why did you choose the oil and gas
industry?
Woman 1: Cool technology, applying science and
money.
Woman 2: It seemed interesting and the pay was
good.
Woman 3: They offered me a job! I couldn’t turn down
the great starting salary and a chance to live in New
Orleans.
Woman 4: I did not really choose the oil and gas
industry as much as it chose me.
Woman 5: I chose the oil and gas industry because of
the challenging projects, and I want to be part of our
country’s energy solution.
Question 2: How did you get your start in the oil
and gas industry?
Woman 1: I went to a university that all major oil
companies recruit. I received a summer internship with
Texaco before my last year of my Master’s degree.
Woman 2: I was recruited at a Texas Tech Engineering
Job Fair.
Woman 3: At the time, campus recruiters came
to the geosciences department of my university
annually and they sponsored scholarships for
graduate students to help complete their research.
Even though my Master’s thesis was more geared
toward environmental studies, as a recipient of one
of these scholarships, my graduate advisor strongly
encouraged me to participate when the time came for
O&G Industry interviews.
Woman 4: I was working for a company in another
state where oil and gas was not its primary business.
When the company sold its division in the state
where I was working, they offered me a position at
the company’s headquarters in Houston managing
the aftermarket sales for the company’s largest
region. Aftermarket sales supported the on-highway,
construction, industrial, agricultural and the oil and
gas markets. After one year, the company asked me
to take the position of managing their marine and
offshore power products division. I held that position
for three years. I left that company to join a new startup
company where I hold the position of president.
Woman 5: My first job in the oil and gas industry was
an internship with Mobil Oil Corp., in New Orleans.
I worked with a lot of smart, focused and talented
geoscientists and engineers.
Question 3: Describe your typical day.
Woman 1: Tough one to describe a typical day. I
generally read email, go to a couple of meetings and
work with the field’s earth model or look at seismic.
Woman 2: I talk with clients, help prepare bids and
work on getting projects out the door. My days are
never the same, which is what I love about the job I
have.
Woman 3: I usually work from 7:30 a.m. – 6:30 p.m.
(although the official day is shorter). We call the field
every morning for an update on operations, security,
construction, facilities and production engineering
activities. I work with my team leads on short-term
and long-term projects to enhance production (a lot of
emails and Powerpoint). I usually have 2-3 meetings
per day to discuss/prioritize/review ongoing or
upcoming work (production optimization, simulation
modeling, drilling plans, geologic interpretation,
workovers, etc.). Beyond our team, I also participate
in a number of broader business initiatives and
leadership teams.
Woman 4: A typical day is a hectic day for me. My
day usually starts well before 8 a.m. with phone
calls and emails with our facility in Norway, as well
as other business relationships abroad. At the office,
I am involved in the daily business operations and
also stay closely involved in the projects and the
sales efforts. On any given day I am working on
budgets and finance, attending project meetings,
attending engineering meetings, reviewing drawings
and technical specifications, meeting with clients
and prospective clients, reviewing sales proposals,
evaluating new business opportunities and making a
lot of decisions.
Woman 5: On most days I work on my computer
to complete my projects. I interpret logs, create
maps, research local and regional geology or write
documents. I go to project meetings almost every day.
I typically work only during business hours, but there
are times when I get calls at night or on weekends
from a rig or other geologists for assistance with a
technical problem.

Adapted from URL: . Retrieved on February 14, 2012.



According to Text, when asked about their choice of the oil and gas industry,

a) all the interviewees pointed out the relevance of having a green job.
b) all the women felt really committed to solving the nation"s energy problems.
c) all the interviewees mentioned that the challenges of the field attracted them.
d) just one of the women commented that she was attracted by the location of the job.
e) no interviewee considered the salary an important factor for accepting the job.

A resposta correta é: